Resolution on the Situation in Sudan

The General Assembly,

Reaffirming the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations,

Reaffirming its commitment to the relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolution 1556 (2004), which imposed an arms embargo on non-governmental entities and individuals operating in North, South, and West Darfur; resolution 1593 (2005), which referred the situation in Darfur to the International Criminal Court; and resolution 2736 (2024), which called for the Rapid Support Forces to immediately halt their siege of El Fasher, cease hostilities in and around the city, and establish humanitarian corridors for civilian evacuation; and,

Also reaffirming its previous resolutions 1325 (2000) on women, peace, and security; 1379 (2001) and 1460 (2003) on children in armed conflict; 1265 (1999) and 1296 (2000) on the protection of civilians in armed conflict; resolution 1502 (2003) on the protection of humanitarian and United Nations personnel, and resolution 2573 (2021), which emphasized the obligation under international humanitarian law to respect and protect humanitarian personnel and consignments, as well as civilian infrastructure essential for humanitarian aid and basic services,

Noting with deep concern that, despite repeated regional and international efforts to achieve a cessation of hostilities, including Security Council resolution 2724 (2024), numerous ceasefire agreements have been violated by the Sudan Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces, both parties to the conflict in Sudan, resulting in the continuation of hostilities and further destabilization,

Condemning all instances of attacks against civilians, including women, children, and persons in vulnerable situations, as well as the persistent use of heavy weaponry and shelling in densely populated urban areas such as Khartoum, Omdurman, Bahri, El Obeid, and El Fasher, which has led to heavy civilian casualties and destruction of critical infrastructure,

Gravely concerned that the prolonged hostilities in Sudan have precipitated a worsening humanitarian crisis, marked by mass displacement, severe outbreaks of preventable diseases such as measles and cholera, inadequate access to clean water and medicine, and acute lack of food affecting over 24 million people, including at least 637,000 people facing imminent starvation, and famine conditions in ten areas, including Greater Darfur, Greater Kordofan, Al Jazeera, and Khartoum,

Condemning obstructions by all parties to civilians’ movement and to humanitarian workers’ access to civilians in need of assistance, including closure of the Khartoum airport, and noting that forced displacement and denial of humanitarian access is exacerbating acute food insecurity for the civilian population,

Gravely concerned by the violent attacks and threats against humanitarian and United Nations and associated personnel, including national and locally recruited relief personnel, and against their premises and assets, posing threats to their safety and the effective delivery of humanitarian assistance,
Condemning the use of hate speech against ethnic, religious, and racial groups, including incitements to war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide,

Expressing alarm at the escalation of ethnically motivated attacks in West Darfur, particularly in El Fasher, El Geneina, and other ethnic minority areas, including targeted massacres against the Masalit, Fur, and Zaghawa communities involving international crimes, including mass killings, murders of community leaders, widespread rapes, forced displacement, pillage, and burial of victims in mass graves,

Expressing alarm at credible reports of violations of international humanitarian law and international criminal law perpetrated with impunity, including widespread cases of sexual and gender-based crimes, as documented by the UN Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan and UNICEF,
Recalling the universal obligations under the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols, of all parties to armed conflict to respect international humanitarian law, and to ensure respect for the Geneva Conventions in all circumstances,

Expressing concern over reports of arms shipments in violation of Security Council resolution 1556 (2004), including the provision of military equipment, funding, and logistical assistance to parties to the conflict, which has contributed to the prolongation and intensification of hostilities, undermined ceasefire efforts, and further destabilized the region,

Reaffirming the Security Council’s primary responsibility role in maintaining international peace and security, and the duty of the permanent members to seek unanimity and to exercise restraint in the use of the veto,

Noting with regret and concern that the Security Council, at its 9786th meeting on 18 November 2024, failed to take a decision, as a result of the negative vote of the Russian Federation, for an immediate ceasefire in Sudan, and recognizing that such failure does not deprive the General Assembly of its rights or relieve it of its responsibilities under the Charter in regard to the maintenance of international peace and security,

Further recognizing that discharge by the General Assembly of its responsibilities in these respects calls for an urgent report by the Secretary General on the facts about the conflict in Sudan; on the availability of national armed forces which could be used collectively; and on the Secretary General’s timely recommendation to the General Assembly that Members of the United Nations should take urgent collective action with the objectives outlined in the operative portions of this resolution,

Convinced that the worsening conflict in Sudan and the failure to end it poses a grave threat to international peace and security,

1. Demands an immediate and unconditional ceasefire by all parties to the conflict in Sudan, including the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), and urges renewed commitment to a peaceful and negotiated settlement of the conflict;

2. Urges the full and timely implementation of relevant United Nations General Assembly and Security Council resolutions, as well as commitments made under the Jeddah Declaration of Commitment to Protect the Civilians of Sudan (May 2023), and other internationally recognized peace efforts;

3. Calls upon all States, and in particular the parties to the conflict, to respect and uphold their obligations under the Charter and international law, including international humanitarian law, international human rights law, and customary international law;

4. Demands an immediate end to the siege of El Fasher, the protection of civilians, and unhindered humanitarian access to all persons within and around the city;

5. Urges all States, and in particular the parties to the conflict, to comply fully with their obligations concerning the protection of civilians, the facilitation of unhindered humanitarian access, and the prohibition of attacks on civilian infrastructure;

6. Further calls upon all States to refrain from any action that may interfere with the peaceful resolution of the conflict, including, but not limited to, violations of the arms embargo imposed by the Security Council, and the cessation of military and financial support to the parties to the conflict;

7. Encourages the Government of Sudan and all other parties to the conflict to cooperate fully with, and provide all necessary assistance to, the International Criminal Court and its Prosecutor, due to referral of the situation in Darfur by the UN Security Council, while recognizing that States not party to the Rome Statute have no obligation under the Statute, urges all States and concerned regional and other international organizations to cooperate fully with the work of the Court;

8. Decides to establish an independent and impartial international commission, under the authority of the General Assembly, to investigate and collect evidence of violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law committed by all parties to the conflict in Sudan since April 2023, with a view to supporting accountability, including through future prosecutions in competent courts or tribunals, both national and international;

9. Condemns in the strongest terms the deliberate attacks against humanitarian personnel and assets, which constitute war crimes under international law and the Geneva Conventions, to which Sudan is a state-party;

10. Demands that all parties to the conflict fully comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law to protect humanitarian personnel and ensure safe, timely, and unhindered access to affected populations throughout Sudan, including through the immediate removal of all barriers to humanitarian assistance—such as checkpoints, illegal fees, blockades, extortion, and other impediments—in accordance with the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols, and as reaffirmed in Security Council resolutions 1265 (1999), 1894 (2009), 2175 (2014), 2286 (2016), 2417 (2018), 2574 (2021), and 2730 (2024);

11. Condemns, in the strongest terms, the deliberate use of starvation as a method of warfare by both the Rapid Support Forces and the Sudanese Armed Forces, which has directly contributed to the catastrophic hunger crisis and famine across Sudan, recalling that the intentional starvation of civilians constitutes a war crime and an act of genocide under international law;

12. Condemns the use of sexual violence and other sexual and gender-based crimes as a weapon of war, and calls for investigations and accountability for such violations in national courts under universal jurisdiction, and by the International Criminal Court;

13. Demands that all parties to the conflict immediately cease all systematic and ethnically motivated attacks targeting the Masalit, Zaghawa, and Fur ethnic groups—including killings, forced displacement, sexual violence, and attacks on civilians—as documented by OHCHR, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Genocide Watch, and UNITAMS, in accordance with the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948) and all relevant Security Council resolutions, including 1556 (2004), 1564 (2004), 1591 (2005), 1593 (2005), 1706 (2006), 1769 (2007), 2725 (2024), 2736 (2024), and 2750 (2024);

14. Urges the Security Council to re-establish the United Nations-African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID), with a mandate focused on the protection of civilians, the facilitation of unhindered humanitarian assistance, and the support for the restoration of peace and security in Sudan;

15. Calls upon all Member States and regional organizations to support the re-establishment of such a mission through political, logistical, and financial assistance;

16. Requests that the Secretary General of the United Nations prepare a report on the situation in Sudan to be delivered to the General Assembly within ninety days;

17. Further requests that the Secretary General of the United Nations report subsequently to the General Assembly every ninety days on the situation in Sudan.